Impact of the level of metabolic control on the non-surgical periodontal therapy outcomes in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients - Clinical effects

Abstract

Introduction Diabetes mellitus as a complex metabolic disease influences functioning of numerous organs. Chronic periodon-titis is one of frequent diabetic complications. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy between diabetes mellitus type 2 patients (DM type 2) and non-diabetic individuals (control group). Methods Our study included 41 DM type 2 subjects and 21 non-diabetic individuals, all of them with chronic periodontitis. The diabetic group was divided into two subgroups based on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as follows: D1 - 18 subjects with good metabolic control (HbA1c<7%), and D2 - 23 subjects with poor metabolic (HbA1c≥7%). State of oral hygiene and periodontal clinical parameters of subjects, such as: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were evaluated at the baseline and 3 months after scaling and root-planning. Results ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant difference of treatment success between studied groups in relation to GI (p=0.52), PBI (p=0.36) and CAL (p=0.11). Reduction of PI and PPD in the control group (ΔPI=0.84; ΔPPD=0.35 mm) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the reduction of PI and PPD in patients with the diabetes (group D1 ΔPI=0.60, ΔPPD=0.11 mm; group D2 ΔPI=0.53, ΔPPD=0.11 mm). Conclusion Although there were differences in treatment success between DM subjects and non-diabetic individuals, they were not significant for the most measured parameters. The results of this study did not absolutely support the assumption that the level of glycemic control significantly affected the periodontal therapy outcome in diabetics.