Climate models beyond the complexity: Occurrence of the chaos and complexity in climate models

Abstract

Some issues which are relevant for the recent state in climate modeling have been considered. A detailed overview of literature related to this subject is given. The concept in modeling of climate, as a complex system, seen through the Gödel's Theorem and Rosen's definition of complexity and predictability are discussed. It is pointed out on occurrence of chaos in computing the environmental interface temperature from the energy balance equation given in a difference form. A coupled system of equations, often used in climate models is analyzed. It is shown that the Lyapunov exponent mostly has positive values approving presence of chaos in this system. Finally, we have explored possible differences in complexities of two global and two regional climate models using their output time series by applying the algorithm for calculating the Kolmogorov complexity.