Resistance of weed species Chenopodium album l. To ALS-inhibitors

Abstract

© 2015, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea. All rights reserved. The paper presents results of the study conducted in the period 2011-2013 on occurrence of Chenopodium album L. resistance to herbicide nicosulfuron, an acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibiting herbicide. In conditions of intensive agricultural production, herbicide weed resistance is a growing problem. Repeated use of herbicides with identical action mechanisms leads to selection of resistant weeds, and elimination of the susceptible biotypes of various species. Herbicide use has provided safety in weed control to agricultural producers, by which other weed control measures have been pushed into the background and greatly reduced. Until now, 415 cases of resistance occurrence have been recorded; of which 212 refers to dicotyledonous weed species, and 203 monocotyledonous weeds. Currently in the world, resistance to ALS inhibitors has been found in 137 weed species, of which 83 belongs to dicotyledonous and 54 to monocotyledonous weeds. At localities in Vojvodina (Bački Maglić and Zmajevo) resistance of Chenopodium album L. was tested to the active ingredient nicosulfuron. In the study herbicide nicosulfuron rates of 20; 30; 40; 50 and 100 g of active ingredient per hectare were used. The lowest possible average hypocotyls length at localities Bački Maglić and Zmajevo was 2.55 mm, and 0.71 mm, respectively. The lowest possilbe epicotyls length at localities Bački Maglić and Zmajevo was 2.72 mm, and 0.77 mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference in hypocotyls and epicotyls lengths between seeds of weed species Chenopodium album L. from locality Bački Maglić, treated with nicosulfuron and non-treated control, was found, indicating this weed resistance to ALS-inhibitors. So far, in this region resistance to ALS-inhibitors has been confirmed for the following weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Datura stramonium L.