Fitoremedijacija naftom kontaminiranih zemljišta vrstama rodova Populus L. i Salix L.

Abstract

<p>U radu je prikazano ispitivanje potencijala za fitoremedijaciju naftom zagađenih zemlji&scaron;ta tri genotipa topola: (i) Populus &times;euramericana-klon &ldquo;Pannonia&rdquo;; (ii) Populus deltoids-klon &ldquo;Bora&rdquo; i (iii) Populus nigra &times; P. maximowitzii) &times; P. nigra var. Italica-klon &#39;9111/93&#39; i tri genotipa vrba: (i) Salix alba-klon 347, (ii) Salix alba-klon 107/65/9 I (iii) Salix alba-klon V 158, kao i mogućnost kori&scaron;ćenja ispitivanih parametara kao pouzdanih markera u daljnje procesu selekcije genotipova. Odabrani genotipovi su gajeni u stakleniku u zemljanoj kulturi sa razlićitim nivoima naftnog zagađenja koja su se kretala od 0,011-11,039 g kg-1 ukupnih naftnih ugljovodonika i 0,005-6,839 g kg-1 mineralnih ulja. U toku eksperimenata ispitivani su (i) parametri rastenja, (ii) fiziolo&scaron;ki parametri, (iii) razvijenost rizosferne mikrobne zajednice i (iv) degradacija i akumulacija kontaminanata. Rezultati su pokazali značajan uticaj prisustva naftnog zagađenja na parametre rastenja ispitivanih klonova, kao i na poedine fiziolo&scaron;ke procese u biljkama. Naftno zagađenje je takođe uticalo na brojnost i enzimatsku aktivnost rizosferne mikrobne zajednice ispitivanih klonova. Degradacija naftnog zagađenja je bila zabeležena u svim ispitivanim tretmanima, mada je njen intenzitet zavisio od nivoa zagađenja. Ispitivani klonovi su pokazali različit potencijal za fitoremediajciju naftom zagađenih zemlji&scaron;ta,među kojima su se istakli klonovi topola &bdquo;Bora&ldquo;, &bdquo;Pannonia&ldquo;i klonovi vrba 347 i 107/65/9. Ispitivani parametri rastenja su se pokazali kao dobri markeri za selekciju klonova za fitoremediajciju. Fiziolo&scaron;ki parametri su u većini slučajeva se pokazali kao dobri makeri, dok se mikrobiolo&scaron;ki pokazatelji mogu koristiti kao dodatni markeri u procesu selekcije.</p>

<p> This dissertation presents investigation of the crude oil phytoremediation potential of three poplar genotypes: (i) Populus &times;euramericana-clone &ldquo;Pannonia&rdquo;; (ii) Populus deltoids-clone &ldquo;Bora&rdquo; and (iii) Populus nigra &times; P. maximowitzii) &times; P. nigra var. Italica-klon &#39;9111/93&#39; and three willow genotypes: (i) Salix alba-clone 347, (ii) Salix alba-clone 107/65/9 and (iii) Salix alba-clone V 158, and also investigation of possibility to use investigated parameters as markers in further selection of genotypes for phytoremediation. Selected genotypes were grown as greenhouse pot experiment with soils containing crude oil contamination in ranges from 0,011-11,039 g kg-1 of total petroleum hydrocarbons and 0,005-6,839 g kg-1 of mineral oils. During the experiments, following parameters were investigated (i) growth parameters, (ii) physiological parameters, (iii) development of the rhizosphere microbial community and (iv) degradation and accumulation of contaminants. The results showed a significant effect of the presence of crude oil contamination on plant growth parameters of tested clones and some physiological processes in plants. Crude oil pollution has also affected the abundance and enzymatic activity of rhizosphere microbial community of investigated clones. Degradation of crude oil contamination was observed in all experimental treatments, although its intensity depended on the level of pollution. Investigated clones showed different potential for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soilswith the emphasis on poplar clones &quot;Bora&quot;, &quot;Pannonia&quot; and willow clones 347 and 107/65/9. The investigated parameters of growth proved to be good markers for the selection of clones for phytoremediation. Physiological parameters in most cases proved to be good makers, while microbiological parameters can be used as additional markers in the selection process</p>