Hydrophytes in the Main Canal Network of DTD Hydrosystem on the territory of Banat

Abstract

<p>Floru Osnovne kanalske mreže Hidrosistema Dunav-Tisa-Dunav (OKM Hs DTD) na<br />području Banata čini 178 taksona, od kojih su 171 vrsta, 4 varijeteta i 3 forme. Od ukupno<br />konstatovanih taksona, hidrofitama pripadaju 82 taksona među kojim je 16 flotantnih, 22<br />submerzne i 44 emerzne biljke. Floristički najbogatiji kanali OKM Hs DTD u Banatu su kanal Banatska Palanka - Novi Bečej (116 taksona) i Tami&scaron; (103 taksona), a najsiroma&scaron;nija je Brzava (8 taksona). U kanalskoj mreži Banata konstatovane su retke i ugrožene, zakonom za&scaron;tićene biljne vrste: Acorus calamus, Hippuris vulgaris, Marsilea quadrifolia, Nuphar luteum, Nymphaea alba i Trapa longicarpa, kao i vrste relikti tercijara: Bolboschoenus maritimus, Butomus umbellatus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Najas marina, Nuphar luteum, Nymphaea alba, Nymphoides flava, Salvinia natans, Schoenoplectus lacustrer, Trapa natans, Vallisneria spiralis i Wolffia arrhiza. Zabeleženo je i prisustvo adventivnih vrsta, od čega hidrofitama pripadaju: Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, Elodea canadensis, Elodea nuttallii, Vallisneria spiralis, Acorus calamus i Typha laxmannii. Mnoge od njih su u fazi intenzivnog &scaron;irenja, u kanalskoj mreži Banata, gde grade guste sastojine akvatične vegetacije čime postepeno postaju smetnja normalnom funkcionisanju kanalske mreže. Vegetaciju OKM Hs DTD na području Banata čine sastojine 26 zajednica koje pripadaju klasama: Hydrochari-Lemnetea Oberd. 1967, Potametea Tx. et Prsg. 1942 i Phragmitetea Tx. et Prsg. 1942. Iz klase Hydrochari-Lemnetea prisutne su sastojine asocijacija: Lemno-Spirodeletum W. Koch 1954, M&uuml;ller et G&ouml;rs 1960, Salvinio-Spirodeletum polyrrhizae Slavnić 1956, Lemnetum (minori)-trisulcae Den Hartog 1963, Lemnetum (minori)-gibbae Miyawaki et J. Tx. 1960, Lemno minoris-Azolletum filiculoides Br.-Bl. 1952, Ceratophylletum demersi (So&oacute; 27) Hild. 1956, Den<br />Hartog et Segal 1964 i Hydrocharidetum morsus-ranae Van Langendonck 1935. Iz klase<br />Potametea prisutne su sastojine asocijacija: Potametum nodosi So&oacute; (1928) 1960, Segal 1964, Elodeetum canadensis (Pign. 1953) So&oacute; 1964, Passarge 1964,Westhoff 1969, Elodeetum nuttallii Cioc&acirc;rlan et al. 1997, Myriophyllo-Potametum So&oacute; 1934, Myriophyllo-Potamogetonetum pectinati Passarge 1996, Najadetum minoris Ubrizsy (1948) 1961, Najadetum marinae Fukarek 1961, Ceratophyllo demersi-Vallisnerietum spiralis Lazić 2006, Nymphaeetum albo-luteae Nowinski 1928 subass. nupharetosum So&oacute; 1973, Nymphoidetum peltatae (Allorge 1922) Obred. et M&uuml;ller 1960 i Trapetum natantis M&uuml;ller et G&ouml;rs 1960. Iz klase Phragmitetea prisutne su sastojine asocijacija: Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926, Typhetum angustifoliae Pign. 1953, Typhetum latifoliae G. Lang 1973, Sparganietum erecti Roll 1938, Glycerietum maximae Hueck 1931, Acoreto-Glycerietum aquaticae Slavnić 1956, Rorippo-Oenanthetum (So&oacute; 1927) Lohm. 1950, Pop 1968 i Bolboschoenetum maritimi continentale So&oacute; (1927) 1957. Poznavanje biologije i ekologije akvatičnih biljaka čini osnovu za: preduzimanje potrebnih mera za&scaron;tite i očuvanja retkih i ugroženih vrsta, i predstavnika reliktne flore tercijara, kao i utvrđivanje mogućnosti iskori&scaron;tavanja biomase hidrofita, te uspe&scaron;no planiranje mera kontrole akvatičnih korova i prekomerno razvijene akvatične vegetacije u OKM Hs DTD na području Banata.</p>

<p> The Main Canal Network of Danube-Tisza-Danube Hydrosystem (MCN Hs DTD) on the<br /> territory of Banat region supports the vascular flora that comprises 178 taxa &ndash; 171 species, 4<br /> varieties and 3 forms. Out of the total number of detected taxa, 82 are hydrophytes. Among these,<br /> there are 16 floating, 22 submersed and 44 emersed plant species. The canals Banatska Palanka -<br /> Novi Bečej and Tami&scaron; are floristically the richest, containing 116 and 103 taxa, respectively. The<br /> canal Brzava is floristically the poorest with 8 taxa.<br /> In the MCN Hs DTD on the territory of Banat region the plant species diagnosed as rare<br /> and endangered, and protected by the law are: Acorus calamus, Hippuris vulgaris, Marsilea<br /> quadrifolia, Nuphar luteum, Nymphaea alba and Trapa longicarpa. The following Tertiary relics<br /> were also recorded: Bolboschoenus maritimus, Butomus umbellatus, Ceratophyllum demersum,<br /> Myriophyllum spicatum, Najas marina, Nuphar luteum, Nymphaea alba, Nymphoides flava,<br /> Salvinia natans, Schoenoplectus lacustrer, Trapa natans, Vallisneria spiralis and Wolffia arrhiza.<br /> The adventive hydrophytes also present were: Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, Elodea<br /> canadensis, Elodea nuttallii, Vallisneria spiralis, Acorus calamus and Typha laxmannii. Many of<br /> them are under intensive dissemination, in the MCN Hs DTD on the territory of Banat region,<br /> where build dense stands of aquatic vegetation, which gradually become an obstacle for normal<br /> functioning of drainage network.<br /> The vegetation comprises aquatic associations of the classes Hydrochari-Lemnetea<br /> Oberd. 1967, Potametea Tx. et Prsg. 1942 and Phragmitetea Tx. et Prsg. 1942. The class<br /> Hydrochari-Lemnetea includes the folowing phytocoenoses: Lemno-Spirodeletum W. Koch<br /> 1954, M&uuml;ller et G&ouml;rs 1960, Salvinio-Spirodeletum polyrrhizae Slavnić 1956, Lemnetum (minori)-<br /> trisulcae Den Hartog 1963, Lemnetum (minori)-gibbae Miyawaki et J. Tx. 1960, Lemno minoris-<br /> Azolletum filiculoides Br.-Bl. 1952, Ceratophylletum demersi (So&oacute; 27) Hild. 1956, Den Hartog et<br /> Segal 1964 and Hydrocharidetum morsus-ranae Van Langendonck 1935. The class Potametea<br /> includes the associations: Potametum nodosi So&oacute; (1928) 1960, Segal 1964, Elodeetum<br /> canadensis (Pign. 1953) So&oacute; 1964, Passarge 1964,Westhoff 1969, Elodeetum nuttallii Cioc&acirc;rlan<br /> et al. 1997, Myriophyllo-Potametum So&oacute; 1934, Myriophyllo-Potamogetonetum pectinati Passarge<br /> 1996, Najadetum minoris Ubrizsy (1948) 1961, Najadetum marinae Fukarek 1961, Ceratophyllo<br /> demersi-Vallisnerietum spiralis Lazić 2006, Nymphaeetum albo-luteae Nowinski 1928 subass.<br /> nupharetosum So&oacute; 1973, Nymphoidetum peltatae (Allorge 1922) Obred. et M&uuml;ller 1960 and<br /> Trapetum natantis M&uuml;ller et G&ouml;rs 1960. The class Phragmitetea includes the associations:<br /> Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926, Typhetum angustifoliae Pign. 1953, Typhetum latifoliae G.<br /> Lang 1973, Sparganietum erecti Roll 1938, Glycerietum maximae Hueck 1931, Acoreto-<br /> Glycerietum aquaticae Slavnić 1956, Rorippo-Oenanthetum (So&oacute; 1927) Lohm. 1950, Pop 1968<br /> and Bolboschoenetum maritimi continentale So&oacute; (1927) 1957.<br /> Knowledge of the biology and ecology of aquatic plants is the basis for taking the<br /> necessary measures to protect and preserve rare and endangered species and representatives of<br /> the relict Tertiary flora, for determining the utilization prospects of hydrophytes biomass, and for<br /> successful planning of aquatic weed control measures, as well as control measures of excessively<br /> developed aquatic vegetation in the MCN Hs DTD on the territory of Banat region.</p>