Ekološki aspekti održivog razvoja - međunarodna i regiionalna komparacija

Abstract

<p>Tradicionalan ekonomski (antropolo&scaron;ki) pristup ne može na adekvatan način da re&scaron;i ekolo&scaron;ke probleme, nastale ubrzanim ekonomskim razvojem. Otuda značaj održivog razvoja, kao optimalnog, kada se želi definisati savremeni ekonomski razvoj. Pozitivna kretanja jedna grupe indikatora, koja ne uzrokuju negativna kratanja druge grupe, na primer ekolo&scaron;kih indikatora, su u skladu sa principima održivosti. Kreiranje razvoja koji istovremeno uvažava principe ekonomije i održivog razvoja, ukazuje na nužnost nagodbe i dinamičkog ukr&scaron;tanja ekonomskog, ekolo&scaron;kog, institucionalnog i socijalnog podsistema. U cilju konkretizacije održivog razvoja, nameće se pitanje ekonomskih instrumenata koji usmeravaju delovanje ekonomskih subjekata kroz internalizaciju tro&scaron;kova za&scaron;tite životne sredine. Kvalitativni i kvantitativni pokazatelji održivog razvoja i njihov odabir, su pitanja od posebnog značaja, jer tradicionalni agregatni ili per capita ekonomski pokazatelji ne mogu da mere dru&scaron;tveno blagostanje, jer ne iskazuju ekolo&scaron;ki &scaron;tetne implikacije privrednih aktivnosti i promene u okruženju. Različiti konceptualni okviri i indikatori, u zavisnosti od posmatranog podsistema, su od posebnog značaja za formiranje vizujelnih modela, koji donosiocima odluka pomažu u kreiranju ekolo&scaron;ki prihvatljive ekonomske politike. Posebnu ulogu ima Kjoto protokol-najznacajniji medunarodni ekonomski instrument realizacije koncepta održivog razvoja. Prihvatanjem i potpisivanjem Kjoto protokola, SCG bi se kvalifikovale za neki od fleksibilnih &laquo;mehanizama&raquo;, cime bi se objektivno mogla ocekivati i veca medunarodna finansijska pomoc u implementaciji vizije u realan koncept održivog razvoja. Kompariranjem implementiranog nivoa održivosti, kvantifikujuci ekolo&scaron;ke indekse Modelom komandne table, uocava se nezadovoljavajuci položaj na&scaron;e zemlje, u odnosu na razvijene zemlje i neke zemlje iz okruženja. Formiranjem Nacionalnog saveta za održivi razvoj Vlada Republike Srbije je ukazala na opredeljenje za za&scaron;titu životne sredine, uz nužnost usvajanja Nacionalnog programa za&scaron;tite životne sredine i Akcionog plana.</p>

<p>Traditional economic (anthropological) approach cannot solve, in an adequate manner, the ecological problems caused by the rapid economic growth. Sustainable development, as optimal, is of a great significance in defining the modern economic growth. Positive progress of one group of indicators, which do not cause negative progress of the other group, for example the ecological indicators, is compatible with the principles of sustainability. Creating the growth to acknowledge the principles of economy and sustainable development at the same time, is pointing at indispensability of compromise and dynamic overlapping of the economic, ecological, institutional and social subsystem. To concretize the sustainable development is necessary to give consideration to economic instruments which direct the activity of the economic subjects through internationalization of expenses for protection of the environment. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of sustainable development and their selection are of a great significance, because the traditional aggregate or per capita economic indicators cannot measure the social prosperity, and cannot show ecologically harmful implications of economic activities and environmental changes. The various conceptual contexts and indicators, depending on the observed subsystem, are of a great importance in forming the visual models, which help the decision makers to create the ecological acceptable economic politics. The Kyoto protocol is the most significant international economic instrument for the realization of the sustainable development. By accepting and signing the Kyoto protocol, SCG would be qualified for some of the flexible `` mechanisms`, and that would lead to major international financial help with implementation of the vision into the real concept of the sustainable development. By comparing the implemented level of sustainability, quantifying the ecological indexes by Dashboard model, it is noticeably that our country has unenviable position in comparison to developed countries and to some neighboring countries. The government of Republic of Serbia has pointed out its commitment to protect the environment by forming the National Counsel for Sustainable Development. However it is still necessary to introduce the National Program for the environmental protection and also the Action Plan.</p>