Linburg–Comstock variation and syndrome. A meta-analysis

Abstract

© 2017, Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature. Introduction: Linburg–Comstock variation often connecting the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger at a different level with significant discrepancy between clinical and cadaveric frequencies reported in the literature. Although this variation is quite prevalent, it is yet frequently unrecognized. The aim of this meta-analysis is to generate more accurate weighted frequency values of the Linburg–Comstock variation and to look for possible association with ethnicity, laterality, gender and side. Methods: A systematic literature search identified 14 studies, including 4132 forearms/hands, which met the inclusion criteria. Results: While no significant difference was found for laterality, we found significantly higher Linburg–Comstock variation rate in females compared to males. Turkish population demonstrated a significantly higher crude frequency when compared to Europeans (22.2 vs. 15.2%). Hispanic population showed the highest crude frequency (34.5%), whereas the African ancestry showed the least one (8.8%). Conclusions: Linburg–Comstock variation could cause career-threatening disabilities and could complicate some hand injuries as well. This review invites future researchers to use a single nomenclature; the term “Linburg–Comstock variation” is to be used when no symptoms are present, and the term “Linburg–Comstock syndrome” in cases where the variation is symptomatic.