Biodiverzitet akvatičnih Oligochaeta, njihova distribucija i određivanje ekoregiona u AP Vojvodini

Abstract

<p>Istraživanja diverziteta faune akvatinih oligoheta u 33 razliita vodena ekosistema iz tri regiona<br />Vojvodine sprovedena su u 15-godi&scaron;njem periodu. Za analizu biodiverziteta faune oligoheta<br />odabrano je 77 lokaliteta na 14 renih, 3 jezerska, 10 hidroakumulascijskih, 5 ekosistema plavnih<br />zona i mrtvaja i kanalskoj mreži DTD. Uzorci za kvalitativno-kvantitativnu analizu oligoheta su<br />obraeni standardnom metodologijom. Na bazi kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava oligoheta<br />odreen je Shannon-Weaver-ov index diverziteta, koeficijenti slinosti izmeu ispitivanih ekosistema<br />po metodi Sorensen-a, saprobiolo&scaron;ki indeks prema Pantle-Buck-u, dominantnost i konstatntnost<br />prema Tichler-u. U cilju predstavljanja op&scaron;teg trenda uticaja nivoa frekvencije brojnih taksona na<br />definisanje razlika izmeu lokaliteta u istom ili razliitim ekosistemima primenjena je<br />Korespondentna analiza. Za prikazivanje slinosti kvalitativnog sastava oligoheta i slinosti<br />hemijskih parametara, kao i povezanost njihove brojnosti sa fiziko-hemijskim parametrima,<br />upotrebljena je klaster metoda. Rasprostranjenje taksona je predstavljeno punktirajuom metodom<br />na UTM kartama (Universal Transverse Mercator) u kvadratima 10 x 10 km. Kvalitativnom<br />analizom faune oligoheta vojvodine determinisano je 64.vrste iz 6 familija i 35 rodova. Familija<br />Tubificidae je zastupljena sa 31 vrstom iz 12 rodova, a sledi familija Naidide sa 27 vrsta i 12<br />rodova. Najvee brojnosti oligoheta zabeležene su na reci Tami&scaron; u Banatu (27306 ind/m2), Mrtvoj<br />Tisi u Bakoj (25354 ind/m2) i akumulaciji Sot u Sremu (18271 ind/m2). Ova istraživanja su<br />pokazala da se stabilne i uravnotežene zajednice faune oligoheta nalaze u Mee&scaron;u, Sotu, Zasavici,<br />Dunavu, Bajskom Kanalu, Provali, Zobnatici, Neri i pojedinom deonicama reke Tise. Na podruju<br />Vojvodine, po biodiverzitetu oligoheta i fiziko-hemijskim parametrima vode, mogu se izdvojiti dva<br />mikroekoregiona: na jugoistoku Nera sa svojim u&scaron;em u Dunav i na severozapadu Bajski kanal.</p>

<p>The diversity of aquatic oligochaetes was studied in 33 different aquatic ecosystems located in<br />3 regions of Vojvodina Province over the period of 15 years. Overall number of sampling sites<br />selected for oligochaete biodiversity studies was 77, located on rivers (14 sites), lakes (3),<br />reservoirs (10), wetlands (5) and canal system DTD. (45). Sampling and sample handling was<br />done according to standard methodology. Data on qualitative and quantitative structure was further<br />analysed by a number of statistical methods: Shannon-Weaver&rsquo;s Diversity Index, Sorensen&rsquo;s<br />Similarity Index, Saprobic Index according to Puntle &ndash; Buck, dominance and constancy according to<br />Tichler. Further, Correspondence Analysis was applied in order to clearly establish general trends in<br />taxa frequency impact on differences between sampling sites within the same or among diverse<br />ecosystem types. Links between phisico-chemical water quality parameters and oligochaete<br />qualitative structure and abundance were established using Cluster analysis. Taxa distribution in 10 x<br />10 km squares was presented using UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) maps.<br />Qualitative analysis of oligochaetes fauna sampled revealed the presence of 64 species, belonging to<br />6 families and 35 genera. Family Tubificidae is represented by 31 species belonging to 12 genera,<br />while 27 species from 12 genera were identified within family Naididae. The highest abundance of<br />oligochaetes was recorded in the Tamis River in Banat (27306 ind/m2), Backwater Tisa in Backa<br />(25354 ind/m2) and Sot reservoir in Srem (18271 ind/m2). The results of this study lead to a<br />conclusion that stabile, well-balanced communities are characteristic of Mee&scaron;, Sot and Zobnatica<br />Reservoirs, Zasavica Special Nature Reserve, the River Danube, Bajski Canal, Provala Lake, the<br />River Nera and certain stretches of the River Tisa. According to water quality parameters and<br />oligochaetes biodiversity, two micro regions of Vojvodina Province could be clearly distinguished &ndash;<br />Nera confluence into the River Danube in South &ndash; East and Bajski Kanal in North &ndash; West of<br />Vojvodina Province.</p>