Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://open.uns.ac.rs/handle/123456789/19897
Title: Interaction and functional dynamics of anthropogenic and soil factors on the vegetation of river island Krčedinska ada (Danube, Serbia)
Interakcija i funkcionalna dinamika antropogeno uslovljenih i edafskih faktora na vegetaciju rečnog ostrva Krčedinska ada (Dunav, Srbija)
Authors: Vujanović Dušanka 
Keywords: Vegetation composition, wood-pasture, plant succession, invasive plant species, soil properties, satellite images;Vegetacijska kompozicija, šumo-pašnjak, biljne sukcesije, invazivne biljne vrste, zemljišni faktori, satelitski snimci
Issue Date: 13-Feb-2020
Publisher: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad
Abstract: <p>Nedovoljno&nbsp; je&nbsp; informacija&nbsp; o&nbsp; strukturnim&nbsp; promenama&nbsp; vegetacije&nbsp; &scaron;umo pa&scaron;njaka, uključujući i njihovu vezu sa&nbsp; abiotičkim faktorima. U ovom radu stavljen je akcenat na vezu između različitih stadijuma ciklusa&nbsp; &scaron;umo&nbsp; pa&scaron;njaka&nbsp; i&nbsp; važnih&nbsp; sredinskih&nbsp; varijabli&nbsp; sa&nbsp; ciljem razumevanja&nbsp; dinamičnosti&nbsp; ovog&nbsp; odnosa&nbsp; i&nbsp; procesa&nbsp; koji&nbsp; dovode&nbsp; do degradacije&nbsp; &scaron;umo&nbsp; pa&scaron;njaka.&nbsp; Istorijske&nbsp; promene&nbsp; vegetacijske strukture na Krčedinskoj adi u protekle 44 godine identifikovane su pomoću analize avio i satelitskih snimaka. Stvarni podaci sa terena (24&nbsp; vegetacijska&nbsp; plota)&nbsp; i&nbsp; CCA&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; kori&scaron;teni&nbsp; su&nbsp; kako&nbsp; bi&nbsp; se analizirala&nbsp; veza&nbsp; između&nbsp; biljnih&nbsp; zajednica&nbsp; i&nbsp; prisutnih&nbsp; sredinskih<br />faktora. Odabrana su tri dominantna strukturna tipa vegetacije:&nbsp;<strong> GR (grazing</strong>)&nbsp; -&nbsp; plotovi&nbsp; pod&nbsp; ispa&scaron;om;&nbsp; <strong>WC&nbsp; (woody&nbsp; cover)</strong>&nbsp; -&nbsp; plotovi &scaron;ikarastog tipa sa dominacijom visokog žbunja i drvenastih vrsta čija visina prema&scaron;uje 2 m;&nbsp; <strong>TR (transitional)&nbsp;</strong> -&nbsp; prelazna forma između livadske i drvenaste vegetacije sa trnovitim žbunjem visine manje od 2&nbsp; m.&nbsp; Odabran&nbsp; je&nbsp; sledeći&nbsp; set&nbsp; sredinskih&nbsp; parametara:&nbsp; GI&nbsp; (intenzitet ispa&scaron;e), Ind&nbsp; učestalost plavljenja), E (nadmorska visina), i zemlji&scaron;ni parametri: TN (ukupni azot), AP (dostupni fosfor), K (kalijum), Mg (magnezijum),&nbsp; Ca&nbsp; (kalcijum),&nbsp; pH,&nbsp; C/N&nbsp; (odnos&nbsp; ugljenika&nbsp; i&nbsp; azota)&nbsp; i NB (nitrificirajuće bakterije).Klasifikacija&nbsp; biljnih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; različtih&nbsp; sukcesivnih&nbsp; stadijuma&nbsp; prema CSR&nbsp; Grime-ovom&nbsp; modelu&nbsp; dodatno&nbsp; je&nbsp; doprinela&nbsp; razumevanju dinamičnosti&nbsp; vegetacijskih&nbsp; sukcesija&nbsp; a&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; invazivnih<br />biljnih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; zemlji&scaron;ne&nbsp; parametre&nbsp; doprinela&nbsp; je&nbsp; razumevanju fluktuacija&nbsp; zemlji&scaron;nih&nbsp; parametara&nbsp; i&nbsp; usmeravanju&nbsp; restauracijskih mera.<br />Analiza promena zemlji&scaron;nog pokrivača pomoću satelitskih snimakapokazala je da su u pro&scaron;losti biljne zajednice na Krčedinskoj adi bile sa&nbsp; većom&nbsp; populacijom&nbsp; zeljastih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; i&nbsp; očuvanih&nbsp; &scaron;uma&nbsp; vrbe&nbsp; bez prisustva&nbsp; degradiranih&nbsp; sastojina.&nbsp; Ove&nbsp; zajednice&nbsp; velikim&nbsp; delom&nbsp; su zamenjene&nbsp; dominantno&nbsp; žbunastim&nbsp; pokrovom&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; ukazuje&nbsp; na<br />progresivan tip sukcesije na ostrvu a može se dovesti u vezu sa (1) sečom vrbovih &scaron;uma i (2) znantno većim brojem stoke u pro&scaron;losti.Rezultati&nbsp; analize&nbsp; satelitskih&nbsp; snimaka&nbsp; u&nbsp; skladu&nbsp; su&nbsp; sa&nbsp; rezultatima terenskog&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; koji&nbsp; takođe&nbsp; ukazuju&nbsp; na&nbsp; progresivan&nbsp; tip sukcesije&nbsp; s&nbsp; obzirom&nbsp; da&nbsp; je,&nbsp; prema&nbsp; CSR&nbsp; kategorizaciji&nbsp; biljnih&nbsp; vrsta,<br />glavna sukcesijska trajektorija na ostrvu CSR/CS &ndash; C selekcija. CCA&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; rađena&nbsp; u&nbsp; svrhu&nbsp; identifikacije&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; sredinskih parametara&nbsp; na&nbsp; distribuciju&nbsp; i&nbsp; sastav&nbsp; biljnih&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; pokazala&nbsp; je&nbsp; da intenzitet&nbsp; ispa&scaron;e&nbsp; (GI)&nbsp; ima&nbsp; najveći&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; na&nbsp; oblikovanje&nbsp; biljnih zajednica.<br />Analiza&nbsp; uticaja&nbsp; invazivnih&nbsp; biljnih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; zemlji&scaron;ne&nbsp; parametre, pokazala&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; se&nbsp; izdvojene&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; plotova&nbsp; (FraxP,&nbsp; AcerN,&nbsp; AmorF, Mix i Control) međusobno&nbsp; značajno razlikuju u odnosu na zemlji&scaron;ne parametre:&nbsp; Hm, N, C i NB&nbsp; te ukazuju na aditivan efekat invazivnih vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; pomenute&nbsp; parametre.&nbsp; Aditivan&nbsp; efekat&nbsp; koji&nbsp; ispitivane<br />invazivne&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; pokazuju&nbsp; na&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; zemlji&scaron;nih&nbsp; nutrijenata&nbsp; ukazuje na modifikaciju zemlji&scaron;nih uslova u pravcu stabilizacije i/ili ubrzanja invazije&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; otežavanja&nbsp; ponovnog&nbsp; uspostavljanja&nbsp; nativne vegetacije.&nbsp; Dodatno,&nbsp; aditivan&nbsp; efekat&nbsp; ispitivanih&nbsp; invazivnih&nbsp; vrsta ukazuje&nbsp; na&nbsp; mogućnost&nbsp; ekolo&scaron;kog&nbsp; nasleđa&nbsp; koje&nbsp; invazivne&nbsp; vrste<br />ostavljaju za sobom i nakon potencijalnog uklanjanja.</p>
<p>There&nbsp; is&nbsp; insufficient&nbsp; information&nbsp; on&nbsp; structural changes&nbsp; within&nbsp; wood-pasture, including&nbsp; their relationship with abiotic influences. This thesis addresses&nbsp; the&nbsp; links&nbsp; between&nbsp; important environmental&nbsp; variables&nbsp; and&nbsp; different&nbsp; stages&nbsp; of the&nbsp; wood- pasture&nbsp; cycle,&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; aim&nbsp; of understanding&nbsp; fluctuations&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; relationship and&nbsp; processes&nbsp; that&nbsp; follow&nbsp; wood-pasture degradation.&nbsp; Satellite&nbsp; and&nbsp; aerial&nbsp; image interpretation&nbsp; was&nbsp; used&nbsp; to&nbsp; identify&nbsp; structural vegetation&nbsp; shifts&nbsp; over&nbsp; 44&nbsp; years&nbsp; under<br />significantly&nbsp; declining&nbsp; livestock&nbsp; numbers&nbsp; and ground&nbsp; truthing&nbsp; data&nbsp; of&nbsp; 24&nbsp; plots&nbsp; to&nbsp; assess&nbsp; the current&nbsp; field&nbsp; scenario.&nbsp; Canonical correspondence&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; (CCA)&nbsp; was&nbsp; employed to&nbsp; evaluate&nbsp; the&nbsp; relationship&nbsp; between&nbsp; plant communities&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; invironmental&nbsp; influences. Three&nbsp; dominant&nbsp; structural&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; types&nbsp; &ndash; grazing&nbsp; plots&nbsp; (GR),&nbsp; transitional&nbsp; habitats&nbsp; with thorny&nbsp; shrubs&nbsp; (TR)&nbsp; and&nbsp; woody&nbsp; encroachment (WC)&nbsp; -&nbsp; were surveyed and&nbsp; the&nbsp; following set of variables&nbsp; was&nbsp; chosen:&nbsp; grazing&nbsp; intensity&nbsp; (GI), inundation&nbsp; frequency&nbsp; (Ind),&nbsp; elevation&nbsp; (E),&nbsp; soil total&nbsp; nitrogen&nbsp; (TN),&nbsp; soil&nbsp; available&nbsp; phosphorus (AP), soil potassium (K), soil magnesium (Mg), soil&nbsp; calcium&nbsp; (Ca),&nbsp; soil&nbsp; pH&nbsp; (pH),&nbsp; soil&nbsp; carbon&nbsp; to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and soil nitrifying bacteria (NB).&nbsp; Classification&nbsp; of&nbsp; plants&nbsp; from&nbsp; different succession&nbsp; stages&nbsp; according&nbsp; to&nbsp; Grimes&nbsp; CSR model,&nbsp; gave&nbsp; its&nbsp; contribution&nbsp; to&nbsp; understand vegetation&nbsp; dynamics&nbsp; while&nbsp; the&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; of invasive plant species influence on soil variables helped&nbsp; to&nbsp; understand&nbsp; the&nbsp; fluctuations&nbsp; of&nbsp; soil variables and to advice on restoration measures.Interpretation&nbsp; of&nbsp; satellite&nbsp; images&nbsp; revealed dominance of wood-pasture&nbsp; habitats in the&nbsp; past,which&nbsp; alternated&nbsp; structurally&nbsp; between&nbsp; more open&nbsp; and&nbsp; more&nbsp;&nbsp; closed&nbsp; physiognomies&nbsp; i.e. indicates progressive succession pathway which is&nbsp; in&nbsp; accordance&nbsp; with&nbsp; CSR&nbsp; plant&nbsp; species categorization&nbsp; which&nbsp; revealed&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; main succession trajectory on the island is CSR/CS&nbsp; &ndash; C&nbsp; selection.&nbsp; CCA&nbsp; with&nbsp; ground&nbsp; truth&nbsp; data&nbsp; and forward&nbsp; selection&nbsp; revealed&nbsp; grazing&nbsp; intensity&nbsp; as the&nbsp; predominant&nbsp; ecological&nbsp; driver&nbsp; modifying vegetation structure and the soil nutrient pool, as well&nbsp; as&nbsp; transitioning&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; between&nbsp; open herbaceous and closed woody cover. One of the&nbsp; interesting&nbsp; findings&nbsp; is&nbsp; also&nbsp; the&nbsp; additive&nbsp; effect invasive&nbsp; species&nbsp; Fraxinus&nbsp; pennsylvanica,&nbsp; Acer negundo&nbsp; and&nbsp; Amorpha&nbsp; fruticosa&nbsp; have&nbsp; on&nbsp; soil variables&nbsp; Hm,&nbsp; N,&nbsp; C&nbsp; and&nbsp; NB.&nbsp; Additive&nbsp; effect these&nbsp; species&nbsp; demonstrate&nbsp; on&nbsp; soil&nbsp; factors indicates&nbsp; that&nbsp; soil&nbsp; modification&nbsp; is&nbsp; directed towards&nbsp; stabilization&nbsp; and/or&nbsp; acceleration&nbsp; of invasion&nbsp; and&nbsp; inhibition&nbsp; of&nbsp; native&nbsp; species&nbsp; reestablishment.&nbsp; Additionaly,&nbsp; additive&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of invasive&nbsp; species&nbsp; implies&nbsp; the&nbsp; possibility&nbsp; of ecological&nbsp; legacy&nbsp; even&nbsp; after&nbsp;&nbsp; potential&nbsp; removal. This finding, due to its practical implications in nature reserves&nbsp; across Europe, demands further research.</p>
URI: https://open.uns.ac.rs/handle/123456789/19897
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