Diversity of macrofungi and their role in the monitoring of forest ecosystems in Serbia

Abstract

<p>U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; vr&scaron;eno&nbsp; je istraživanje&nbsp; zajednica&nbsp; makrogljiva&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; 5 &scaron;umskih&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta&nbsp; na&nbsp; Vidliču,&nbsp; Kopaoniku&nbsp; i&nbsp; Tari. Ispitivan&nbsp; je&nbsp; mikodiverzitet&nbsp; sa&nbsp; morfolo&scaron;kog, funkcionalnog i genetskog stanovi&scaron;ta. U istraživanju morolo&scaron;kog&nbsp; i&nbsp; funkcionalnog&nbsp; diverziteta,&nbsp; kori&scaron;ćene su&nbsp; različite&nbsp; klasične&nbsp; metode&nbsp; čiji&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; su<br />omogućili procenu stanja posmatranih mikocenoza, kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; samih&nbsp; &scaron;umskih&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta.&nbsp; Za&nbsp; analizu&nbsp; sastava vrsta&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; mikocenoza,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; procenu&nbsp; uticaja abiotičkih faktora na brojnost i sastav vrsta u okviru različitih funkcionalnih grupa, kori&scaron;ćeno je nekoliko<br />statističkih&nbsp; metoda&nbsp; (PCA,&nbsp; PLS,&nbsp; CA&nbsp; i&nbsp; CCA).&nbsp; Osam vrsta,&nbsp; koje&nbsp; su&nbsp; pripadale&nbsp; najrasprostranjenijim&nbsp; i najzastupljenijim&nbsp; vrstama&nbsp; su&nbsp; odabrane&nbsp; za molekularne&nbsp; analize,&nbsp; koje&nbsp; su&nbsp; podrazumevale sekvenciranje&nbsp; ITS&nbsp; regiona&nbsp; rDNK,&nbsp; analizu&nbsp; njihovih<br />polimorfizama&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; filogenetske&nbsp; analize&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru vrste/roda.&nbsp; U&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; procene&nbsp; zagađenja&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta,&nbsp; u plodnim telima makrogljiva i njihovom supstratu je određen&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; metala&nbsp; (atomskom&nbsp; apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom)&nbsp; i&nbsp; radionuklida<br />(gamaspektrometrijom).&nbsp; Dobijeni&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; ukazuju na&nbsp; to&nbsp; da&nbsp; diverzitet&nbsp; makrogljiva&nbsp; oslikava&nbsp; stanje samog&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta&nbsp; i&nbsp; da&nbsp; dugoročnim&nbsp; monitoringom mogu ukazati na promene u njemu.</p>

<p>Within the framework of this doctoral dissertation, monitoring&nbsp; of&nbsp; macrofungal&nbsp; communities,&nbsp; within&nbsp; 5 forest habitats on&nbsp; Vidlič, Kopaonik and Tara, was done. &nbsp; Mycodiversity&nbsp; was&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; from&nbsp; the morphological,&nbsp; functional&nbsp; and&nbsp; genetic&nbsp; point&nbsp; of view. Various classical methods&nbsp; used,&nbsp; enabled the assessment&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; condition&nbsp; of&nbsp; macrofungal communities,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; observed&nbsp; forest habitats. &nbsp; Several&nbsp; statistical&nbsp; methods&nbsp; (PCA,&nbsp; PLS, CA&nbsp; and&nbsp; CCA)&nbsp; were&nbsp; used&nbsp; to&nbsp; analyze&nbsp; the composition of&nbsp; species within the&nbsp; mycocenosis, as well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; assessment&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; effects&nbsp; of&nbsp; abiotic factors&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; species&nbsp; richness&nbsp; and&nbsp; species composition&nbsp; within&nbsp; different&nbsp; functional&nbsp; groups.Some&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; represented&nbsp; species&nbsp; have&nbsp; been selected&nbsp; for&nbsp; molecular&nbsp; analyzes,&nbsp; which&nbsp; includedsequencing&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; ITS&nbsp; region,&nbsp; the&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; of polymorphisms,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; phylogenetic&nbsp; analyzes within&nbsp; the&nbsp; species/genus.&nbsp; In&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; assess&nbsp; the pollution of habitats, the content of metals (atomic absorption&nbsp; spectrophotometry)&nbsp; and&nbsp; radionuclides (gamma&nbsp; spectrometry)&nbsp; was&nbsp; determined&nbsp; in&nbsp; the sporocarps&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; macrofungi&nbsp; and&nbsp; their&nbsp; substrate.&nbsp; The obtained&nbsp; results&nbsp; indicate&nbsp; that&nbsp; diversity&nbsp; of macrofungi&nbsp; reflects&nbsp; the&nbsp; state&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; habitat&nbsp; itself and that long-term monitoring can indicate changes in it.</p>