Fauna of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Greece

Abstract

<p>Osolike&nbsp; muve&nbsp; predstavljaju&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; i korisnu&nbsp; insekatsku&nbsp; grupu.&nbsp; Pružaju&nbsp; nezamenljive ekolo&scaron;ke&nbsp; i&nbsp; ekonomske&nbsp; usluge,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; za&nbsp; životnu sredinu.&nbsp; Navedene&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; su&nbsp; omogućene&nbsp; njihovom sposobno&scaron;ću&nbsp; opra&scaron;ivanja&nbsp; biljaka&nbsp; u&nbsp; prirodnim&nbsp; i agroekosistemima,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; zahvaljujući&nbsp; larvama&ndash; predatorima&nbsp; lisnih&nbsp; va&scaron;i&nbsp; i&nbsp; drugih&nbsp; insekata,&nbsp; smanjujući ekonomske&nbsp; gubitke&nbsp; u&nbsp; prinosu&nbsp; kultivisanih&nbsp; biljaka. Takođe&nbsp; mogu&nbsp; poslužiti&nbsp; kao&nbsp; bioindikatori&nbsp; klimatskih promena&nbsp; i&nbsp; stanja&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta.&nbsp; Neke&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; imaju&nbsp; i konzervacioni značaj, obzirom da su zbog&nbsp; antropogenih uticaja postale ugrožene, &scaron;to zahteva preduzimanje mera za&nbsp; obezbeđivanje njihovog opstanka. Izuzetno bogatstvo flore i faune na Balkanskom<br />poluostrvu&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; jedinstveni&nbsp; ekolo&scaron;ki&nbsp; i biogeografski&nbsp; fenomen&nbsp; u&nbsp; Evropi.&nbsp; Grčka,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; jedna&nbsp; od najvažnijih&nbsp; centara&nbsp; biodiverzita&nbsp; na&nbsp; Balkanu&nbsp; i&nbsp; u Mediteranu&nbsp; se&nbsp; odlikuje&nbsp; &scaron;irokim&nbsp; spektrom&nbsp; važnih&nbsp; tipova ekosistema,&nbsp; od&nbsp; kojih&nbsp; su&nbsp; najbitniji&nbsp; &scaron;umski,&nbsp; budući&nbsp; da najveći&nbsp; broj&nbsp; osolikih&nbsp; muva&nbsp; preferira&nbsp; upravo&nbsp; taj&nbsp; tip stani&scaron;ta.<br />Značaj&nbsp; faunističkih&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; se&nbsp; ogleda&nbsp; u otkrivanju&nbsp; sastava&nbsp; i&nbsp; brojnosti&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; određenim stani&scaron;tima ili područjima. Faunistički sastav pruža uvid u biodiverzitet&nbsp; istraživane&nbsp; oblasti,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; neprekidno menja,&nbsp; naročito&nbsp; u&nbsp; poslednje&nbsp; vreme&nbsp; pod&nbsp; uticajem negativnog&nbsp; antropogenog&nbsp; uticaja.&nbsp; Podaci&nbsp; o&nbsp; vrstama mogu&nbsp; biti&nbsp; od&nbsp; velikog&nbsp; značaja&nbsp; za&nbsp; eventualne&nbsp; programe za&scaron;tite&nbsp; i&nbsp; oporavka&nbsp; ugroženih&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju formiranja&nbsp; novih&nbsp; za&scaron;tićenih&nbsp; područja&nbsp; ili&nbsp; u&nbsp; uvođenju novih mera za&scaron;tite u već postojećim prirodnim dobrima.<br />Prepoznavanje ugroženih vrsta ili ugroženih stani&scaron;ta koje one&nbsp; naseljavaju,&nbsp; igra&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; ulogu&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju konzervacionih strategija za njihovo očuvanje. Rezultati&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; upotpunjujuznanje o faunističkom sastavu, taksonomiji, distribuciji i&nbsp; diverzitetu osolikih muva u Grčkoj. Pomoću sakupljenih&nbsp; podataka&nbsp; formiran&nbsp; je&nbsp; identifikacioni&nbsp; ključ&nbsp; za razlikovanje&nbsp; kako&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; tako&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp;&nbsp; registrovanih&nbsp; na&nbsp; ovom&nbsp; području,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; u&nbsp; velikoj&nbsp; meri&nbsp; pomaže&nbsp; u&nbsp; daljim faunističkim&nbsp; istraživanjima.&nbsp; Kao&nbsp; rezultat&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; dobijena&nbsp; je&nbsp; konačna&nbsp; lista&nbsp; od&nbsp; 418&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 83 roda.&nbsp; Od&nbsp; ukupnog&nbsp; broja&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; 64&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; su&nbsp; prvi put registrovane na teritoriji Grčke, dok&nbsp; su 18 vrsta&nbsp; nove za nauku.<br />Osnovni&nbsp; cilj&nbsp; ovog&nbsp; rada&nbsp; je&nbsp; revizija&nbsp; faune osolikih muva&nbsp; Grčke&nbsp; na osnovu prikupljenog materijala iz&nbsp; publikovanih&nbsp; i&nbsp; nepublikovanih&nbsp; zbirki&nbsp; i&nbsp; dopunskih<br />terenskih istraživanja, sastavljanje liste o svim poznatim&nbsp; vrstama&nbsp; sa&nbsp; područja&nbsp; Grčke,&nbsp; i&nbsp; izrada&nbsp; identifikacionog ključa&nbsp; za&nbsp; razlikovanje&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta<br />(praćeni&nbsp; fotografijama&nbsp; i&nbsp; crtežima&nbsp; dijagnostičkih morfolo&scaron;kih&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; adultnih&nbsp; jedinki).&nbsp; Drugi&nbsp; deo doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; se&nbsp; bavi&nbsp; prepoznavanjem&nbsp; retkih&nbsp; i<br />ugroženih vrsta Grčke sa naglaskom na njihovu za&scaron;titu i konzervaciju.&nbsp; U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; disertacije je&nbsp; izvr&scaron;ena&nbsp; prostorna analiza distribucije vrsta na području&nbsp; Grčke, koja su već ugrožena&nbsp; na&nbsp; evropskom&nbsp; i&nbsp; balkanskom&nbsp; nivou,&nbsp; a&nbsp; u&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; određivanja&nbsp; područja&nbsp; sa&nbsp; posebnim&nbsp; značajem&nbsp; za&nbsp; njihovo očuvanje.</p>

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5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal">Hoverflies&nbsp; are&nbsp; a&nbsp; very&nbsp; important&nbsp; and&nbsp; useful&nbsp; insect group.&nbsp; They&nbsp; provide&nbsp;&nbsp; irreplaceable&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; and economic&nbsp; services,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; services.&nbsp; These services&nbsp; are&nbsp; enabled&nbsp; by&nbsp; their&nbsp; ability&nbsp; to&nbsp; pollinate&nbsp; plants&nbsp; in natural&nbsp; and&nbsp; agroecosystems,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; thanks&nbsp; to&nbsp; larvaepredators&nbsp; of&nbsp; aphids&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; insects,&nbsp; reducing&nbsp; economic losses&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; yield&nbsp; of&nbsp; cultivated&nbsp; plants. Hoverflies&nbsp; are extremely important for the environment, as they can serve as bioindicators of climate change and habitat conditions. Some species&nbsp; also&nbsp; have&nbsp; conservation&nbsp; importance,&nbsp; since&nbsp; they&nbsp; have become&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; due&nbsp; to&nbsp; anthropogenic&nbsp; effects,&nbsp; which requires taking measures to ensure their survival. The extraordinary richness of flora and fauna on the Balkan&nbsp; Peninsula&nbsp; represents&nbsp; a&nbsp; unique&nbsp; ecological&nbsp; and biogeographical phenomenon in Europe. Greece, as one of the most important center of biodiversity in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean,&nbsp; is&nbsp; characterized&nbsp; by&nbsp; a&nbsp; wide&nbsp; spectrum&nbsp; of important&nbsp; ecosystem&nbsp; types,&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; important&nbsp; of&nbsp; which&nbsp; are forests, since the largest number of hoverflies prefer this type of habitat.The importance of faunal research is reflected in the discovery&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; composition&nbsp; and&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; in specific habitats or areas. The faunal composition provides an insight into the biodiversity of the investigated area, which is&nbsp; constantly&nbsp; changing,&nbsp; especially&nbsp; lately&nbsp; under&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of negative&nbsp; anthropogenic impact. Data about species can be of great importance for possible programs for the protection and recovery of endangered species, as well as in the planning of the formation of new protected areas or in the introduction of new&nbsp; measures&nbsp; of&nbsp; protection&nbsp; in&nbsp; already&nbsp; existing&nbsp; natural resources.&nbsp; Identifying&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; species&nbsp; or&nbsp; endangered habitats&nbsp; they&nbsp; inhabit&nbsp; plays&nbsp; an&nbsp; important&nbsp; role&nbsp; in&nbsp; planning conservation strategies for their conservation.The&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; complement&nbsp; the knowledge&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; composition,&nbsp; taxonomy,&nbsp; distribution and diversity of hoverflies in Greece. Using the collected data, an&nbsp; identification&nbsp; key&nbsp; was&nbsp; formed&nbsp; to&nbsp; distinguish&nbsp; both&nbsp; the genera&nbsp; and&nbsp; species&nbsp; registered&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; area,&nbsp; which&nbsp; greatly assisted in further faunistic research. As a result of these thesis a final list of 418 species rom 83 genus was obtained. Of the total&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; recorded&nbsp; species,&nbsp; 64&nbsp; species&nbsp; were&nbsp; first&nbsp; time registered in the territory of Greece, while a total of 18 species are new to science. The main goal of this paper is to revise the fauna of Greek&nbsp; howerflies&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; collected&nbsp; material&nbsp; from published&nbsp; and&nbsp; unpublished&nbsp; collections&nbsp; and&nbsp; additional&nbsp; field research, compile a list of all known species from&nbsp; Greece, and create an identification key to distinguish the recorded genera and&nbsp; species&nbsp; (accompanied&nbsp; by&nbsp; photographs&nbsp; and&nbsp; drawings&nbsp; of diagnostic morphological characters of adult individuals). The second&nbsp; part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; deals&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; identification&nbsp; of&nbsp; rare and endangered species of Greece&nbsp; with an emphasis on their protection&nbsp; and&nbsp; conservation.&nbsp; Within&nbsp; the&nbsp; framework&nbsp; of&nbsp; the dissertation, a spatial analysis of the distribution of species in Greece&nbsp; was&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out,&nbsp; already&nbsp; threatened&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; European and&nbsp; Balkan&nbsp; levels,&nbsp; in&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; areas&nbsp; of&nbsp; special<br />significance for their preservation.</p>