Phytochemical screening and biological activity ofextracts and traditional preserves of rose hips (Rosa L., Rosaceae)

Abstract

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljalo je ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava i biolo&scaron;ke aktivnosti vodenih i metanolnih ekstrakata svežih i suvih plodova, kao i voćne ka&scaron;e i džema pripremljenih po tradicionalnoj recepturi od plodova &scaron;est samoniklih vrsta <em>Rosa L.: R. canina, R. dumalis, R. dumetorum, R. tomentosa, R. arvensis, R. sempervirens. </em>Ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava obuhvatalo je LC -MS/MS analizu 64 odabrana fenolna jedinjenja, hinske kiseline (organske kiseline) kao i tri triterpenoida. Takođe, izvr&scaron;eno je spektrofotometrijsko određivanje sadržaja ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja, kao i vitamina C. Evaluacija biolo&scaron;ke aktivnosti obuhvatala je in vitro ispitivanja&nbsp; antioksidantne i antiinflamatorne aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta Rosa na aktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze i rast tumorskih i netumorskih ćelija.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da sveži i suvi plodovi ispitivanih vrsta <em>Rosa</em>, kao i voćne ka&scaron;e i džemovi predstavljaju značajan izvor vitamina C i fenolnih jedinjenja, sa elagnom kiselinom kao najzastupljenijom fenolnom komponentom. Takođe u pojedinim ekstraktima vrsta<em> R. dumetorum</em> i<em> R. tomentosa</em> detektovana je visoka koncentracija ursolne kiseline, dok je hinska kiselina prisutna u značajnoj koncentraciji u svim ispitivanim ekstraktima.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Ekstrakti ispitivanih vrsta, izuzev vrste<em> Rosa arvensis</em>, pokazali su visok antioksidantni potencijal koji se ogleda u njihovoj sposobnosti neutralizacije nekoliko radikalskih vrsta, redukcionom potencijalu i sposobnosti inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije. Ispitivani ekstrakti ispoljili su umerenu antiinflamatornu aktivnost u pogledu inhibicije produkcije odabranih metabolita ciklooksigenaznog (12-HHT, TXB₂, PGE₂) i 12-lipooksigenaznog (12-HETE) metaboličkog puta arahidonske kiseline,&nbsp; posebno prostaglandina E&nbsp; . Takođe, in vitro ispitivanjem uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta Rosa na aktivnost acetilholinesteraze pokazana je umerena aktivnost. Vodeni ekstrakti i ekstrakti voćnih ka&scaron;a vrsta <em>R. canina, R. tomentosa i R. sempervirens</em> pokazali su umereni inhibitorni potencijal prema rastu HeLa ćelijske linije, dok su ekstrakti vrste <em>R. sempervirens </em>pokazali aktivnost i prema HT-29 ćelijama. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajni potencijal plodova i tradicionalnih proizvoda ispitivanih vrsta <em>Rosa</em> za upotrebu u proizvodnji nutraceutika i funkcionalne hrane.</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; The aim of presented doctoral thesis was investigation of phytochemical composition and biological activity of water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-&nbsp; dried rose hips, as well as pur&eacute;e and jam made according to traditional recipe of&nbsp; hips of six wild growing<em> Rosa L. species: R. canina, R. dumalis, R. dumetorum, R</em>.&nbsp; <em>tomentosa, R. arvensis, and R. sempervirens.</em> Examination of phytochemical composition included LC-MS/MS analysis of 64 selected phenolic compounds, quinic&nbsp; acid (organic acid) and three triterpenoids. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as vitamin C contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Biological activity evaluation of extracts of six <em>Rosa</em> species included in vitro investigation of antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic activity.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; According to obtained results, fresh and air-dried rose hips, as well as their preserves present valuable source of vitamin C and phenolic compounds, especially&nbsp; ellagic acid, which was the most abundant examined phenolic compound. Furthermore, high concentration of ursolic acid was detected in some<em> Rosa &nbsp;</em> <em>tomentosa and R.&nbsp; rumetorum</em> extracts, while notable concentration of quinic acid&nbsp; was present in all examined extracts.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; Extracts of all examined species, apart from <em>Rosa arvensis</em>, showed considerable antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, extracts exhibited moderate anti- inflammatory activity by means of inhibition of the main arachidonic acid metabolites &nbsp; formed incyclooxygenase-1 (12-HHT, TXB₂, PGE ₂ ) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-HETE)&nbsp; pathway, especially prostaglandin E₂ . Also, investigation of anti- cetylcholinesterase&nbsp; activity revealed moderate activity of extracts of all examined species. In addition,&nbsp; predominantly water extracts of fresh andair-dried rose hips, as well as pur&eacute;e of<em> R</em>.&nbsp; <em>canina, R. tomentosa </em>and <em>R. sempervirens</em> showed inhibitory activity toward HeLa, while <em>R.sempervirens</em> extracts also inhibited HT-29 cell growth. Presented results indicate significant potential of examined rose hips and their preserves for use as nutraceuticals and functional food.</p>