The risk assessment on the quality of surface water bodies based on the identified point sources of pollution

Abstract

<p>Istraživanja u ovom radu su obuhvatila primenu koncepta analize značaja pritisaka i&nbsp;<br />uticaja i metoda za identifikaciju i klasifikaciju&nbsp; izvora pritisaka; karakterizaciju i analizu&nbsp;pritisaka; procenu statusa vodnih tela i procenu uticaja/rizika da se ne dostigne njihov&nbsp;dobar ekolo&scaron;ki status/potencijal. Ukupan broj registrovanih zagađivača na teritoriji AP&nbsp;Vojvodine iznosi 185, trenutno radi njih 130. Najvi&scaron;e zagađivača svoje otpadne vode&nbsp;<br />ispu&scaron;ta u Tisu, DTD Vrbas-Bezdan i Begej, koji su recipijenti 61% od ukupne količine&nbsp;<br />otpadnih voda. Skoro 70% od ukupnog broja zagađivača pripada sektoru prerađivačke&nbsp;<br />industrije, a među njima je najzastupljenija proizvodnja prehrambenih proizvoda i pića.&nbsp;Prosečna dnevna količina ispu&scaron;tenih otpadnih voda iznosi oko 140.000 m³/dan. &nbsp;Ukupno&nbsp;organsko zagađenje koje se emituje u vodotoke na području AP Vojvodine, a &nbsp;potiče &nbsp;od&nbsp;otpadnih voda iznosi 33 tHPK/dan i 15 tBPK/dan. Polovina zagađivača svoje otpadne vode&nbsp;ispu&scaron;taju bez ikakvog tretmana, četvrtina njih poseduje primarni tretman preči&scaron;ćavanja,&nbsp;dok tercijarni tretman primenjuje svega 3% zagađivača. Veoma je mali broj zagađivača kod&nbsp;kojih su emitovane konecentracije usklađene sa propisanim graničnim vrednostima&nbsp;emisije, za nutrijente je to oko 50%, dok je za organske materije samo četvrtina &nbsp;od&nbsp;ukupnog broja zagađivača. Od 37 vodotoka, samo tri se klasifikuju u klasu 2, &scaron;to odgovara&nbsp;dobrom kvalitetu voda. Kvalitet najvećeg broja vodotoka odgovara &nbsp; slabom ili lo&scaron;em&nbsp;statusu/potencijalu (tj. klasama 4 ili 5). Najveća odstupanja od dobrog statusa/ potencijala&nbsp;su u sadržaju nutrijenata i parametara kiseoničnog&nbsp; režima. Rezultati &nbsp;su pokazali da su&nbsp;polutanti visokog rizika najče&scaron;će nutrijenti i parametri kiseoničnog režima, &scaron;to&nbsp;najverovatnije predstavlja negativan uticaj ispu&scaron;tanja otpadnih voda. Ukupno &nbsp;opterećenje&nbsp;zagađujućih materija a time i broj vodotoka na kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje&nbsp;znatno raste sa porastom emitovanog opterećenja iz&nbsp; koncentrisanih izvora, ali i &nbsp;sa&nbsp;smanjivanjem protoka vode u vodotocima. Najveći broj vodotoka (20) na kojima je&nbsp;prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje je u slučaju HPK i fosfora. U slučaju postizanja graničnih&nbsp;vrednosti emisije kod svakog zagađivača, broj vodotoka na kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano&nbsp;opterećenje se smanjuje za 15-50%, zavisno od parametara, pri čemu broj vodotoka na&nbsp;kojima je prema&scaron;eno ciljano opterećenje ne zavisi od veličine emitovanog opterećenja nego&nbsp;samo od protoka vode u kanalima.</p>

<p>Research in this study included the concept of pressure and influence&nbsp;significance analysis as well as the methods for identification and classification of the&nbsp;pressure sources: characterisation and analysis of&nbsp; pressures; assessment of the water&nbsp;bodies&rsquo; status and assessment of impacts/risks thattheir good ecological status/potential&nbsp;is not achieved. Total number of registered polluters in Vojvodina is 185, 130 of them&nbsp;currently working. Most polluters discharge their waste water into the Tisa River, DTD&nbsp;Vrbas-Bezdan and Begej River, who are the recipients of 61% of the total volume of&nbsp;wastewater. Almost 70% of the total number of contaminants belongs to the processing&nbsp;industry, and among them the most common is food and beverage production. The average&nbsp;daily amount of discharged wastewater is approximately 140 000 m³/day. Total organic&nbsp;pollution emitted into the watercourses in the areaof AP Vojvodina originates from the&nbsp;waste water is 33 tCOD/day and 15 tBOD/day. Half of the polluters discharge their waste&nbsp;water without any treatment; a quarter of them haveprimary wastewater treatment, while&nbsp;tertiary treatment is applied by only 3% of polluters. A very small number of polluters&nbsp;have their emitted pollutant concentration compatible with the prescribed emission limit&nbsp;values: for nutrients it is about 50%, while for the organic matter, it is only a quarter of the&nbsp;total number of polluters. From 37 watercourses, only three are classified as class 2, which&nbsp;corresponds to good quality water. Quality of the greatest number of watercourses&nbsp;corresponds to poor or bad status/potential (ie. classes 4 or 5). The biggest deviation from&nbsp;good status/potential is due to nutrients content and oxygen regime parameters. Results&nbsp;showed that high-risk pollutants are commonly nutrients and oxygen regime parameters,&nbsp;which probably represents the negative impact of waste water discharges. The total load of&nbsp;pollutants, and therefore the number of watercourses where the target load it exceeded, &nbsp;significantly increases with the increase of emitted loads from the point sources, but also&nbsp;with the reduction of water flow in rivers. The largest number of watercourses (20) in&nbsp;which the target load is exceeded, is due to COD and phosphorus. In the case of achieving&nbsp;the emission limit values for each polluter, the number of watercourses in which the&nbsp;targeted load is exceeded would be reduced by 15-50%, depending on the parameters,&nbsp;whereby the number of watercourses in which the targeted load it exceeded is not&nbsp;dependent on the load emitted but just on the waterflow in the channels.&nbsp;</p>