Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in Vojvodina before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into the National Immunization Program

Abstract

© 2016, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved. Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis. Mandatory childhood immunization against pneumococcal diseases is introduced in the new Law on Protection of Population against Communicable Diseases in Serbia. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pneumococcal serotype distribution in Vojvodina region before routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Serbia. Methods A total of 105 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected in the period from January 2009 to April 2016. Based on the results of serotyping in the National Reference Laboratory, we analyzed distribution of circulating serotypes and coverage of conjugate and 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in different age groups. Results Among 105 isolates, a total of 21 different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined. The most frequent serotypes were 3 (21.9%), 19F (20.0%), and 14 (10.5%). The serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) was 48.6%, 54.3%, and 84.8%, respectively, while pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) covered 89.5% of the total number of isolates in all age groups. Serotypes included in PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 represented 72.0%, 76.0%, and 88.0% of the total number of isolates in children ≤ 5 years, respectively. Vaccine serotype coverage of PCV13 and PPV23 ranged from 87.1% to 90.3% in adults 50-64 years of age, and 77.8% to 85.2% in adults ≥ 65 years old. Conclusion Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the population fairly overlaps with the serotypes contained in pneumococcal vaccines, so that implementation of childhood immunization is justified. The study was done in the Province of Vojvodina but the findings may be applied to Serbia as a whole.