Status and temporal dynamics of the flora and vegetation of the Deliblaot Sands

Abstract

<p>U&nbsp; radu&nbsp; je&nbsp; analizirana&nbsp; flora&nbsp; i&nbsp; vegetacija&nbsp; Deliblatske pe&scaron;čare. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje&nbsp; recentnog stanja&nbsp; i&nbsp; osnovnih&nbsp; karakteristika&nbsp; flore&nbsp; Deliblatske pe&scaron;čare,&nbsp; ali&nbsp; i&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; dinamike&nbsp; flore&nbsp; Deliblatske pe&scaron;čare u poslednjih 220 godina. Jedan od ciljeva je bila analiza sukcesivnih promena u flori i vegetaciji Deliblatske&nbsp; pe&scaron;čare&nbsp; i&nbsp; predikcija&nbsp; njihovog&nbsp; pravca&nbsp; i kvaliteta,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp; diverziteta&nbsp; i sintaksonomske &scaron;eme vegetacije Deliblatske pe&scaron;čare uz klasifikaciju problematičnih vegetacijskih grupa u &scaron;irem aspektu- na nivou čitave Srbije, ali i Pontskog i Panonskog regiona. Terenska istraživanja su vr&scaron;ena u periodu&nbsp; 2012-2018&nbsp; godine.&nbsp; Floristički&nbsp; podaci&nbsp; su uzimani&nbsp; na&nbsp; istim&nbsp; lokalitetima&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; fitocenolo&scaron;ki snimci.&nbsp; Ukupno&nbsp; je&nbsp; uzeto&nbsp; 282&nbsp; fitocenolo&scaron;ka&nbsp; snimka metodom po Braun-Blankeu. Za florističku analizu je<br />obrađena&nbsp; 301&nbsp; referenca,&nbsp; a&nbsp; na&nbsp; terenu&nbsp; su&nbsp; prikupljeni podaci&nbsp; za&nbsp; 440&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; od&nbsp; kojih&nbsp; je&nbsp; 6&nbsp; po&nbsp; prvi&nbsp; put registrovano na ovom području. U florističku analizu je uključeno&nbsp; ukupno prikupljenih&nbsp; 9.887&nbsp; podataka. U radu je dat floristički pregled u vidu spiska taksona koji&nbsp; su&nbsp; zabeleženi&nbsp; na&nbsp; Deliblatskoj&nbsp; pe&scaron;čari&nbsp; (ima&nbsp; ih 1072),&nbsp; sa&nbsp; lokalitetima&nbsp; na&nbsp; kojima&nbsp; su&nbsp; do&nbsp; sada pronađeni,&nbsp; obeleženi&nbsp; su&nbsp; prvi&nbsp; nalazi&nbsp; za&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; i<br />podvrste, a obeležene su i vrste koje su potvrđene na terenskim&nbsp; istraživanjima&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; ove&nbsp; disertacije. Floristička&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; je&nbsp; realizovana&nbsp; klasičnim numeričkim&nbsp; metodama,&nbsp; u&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; prezentacije najzastupljenijih&nbsp; familija,&nbsp; rodova,&nbsp; životnih&nbsp; formi&nbsp; i<br />horotipova.&nbsp; Predstavljene&nbsp; su&nbsp; endemične,&nbsp; reliktne&nbsp; i ugrožene&nbsp; i&nbsp; ivnazivne&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; Pe&scaron;čare.&nbsp; Na&nbsp; Deliblatskoj pe&scaron;čari je zabeleženo 16 endemskih, 22 reliktnih, 49 strogo&nbsp; za&scaron;tićenih,&nbsp; 8&nbsp; iz&nbsp; Crvenje&nbsp; knjige&nbsp; flore&nbsp; Srbije&nbsp; i 54&nbsp; invazivna&nbsp; taksona.&nbsp; Dinamika&nbsp; florističkih istraživanja&nbsp; je&nbsp; predstavljena&nbsp; analizom&nbsp;&nbsp; literaturnih podataka i dinamike istraživanja ovog područja, a u skladu&nbsp; sa&nbsp; značajnim&nbsp; dru&scaron;tvenim&nbsp; promenama područja,&nbsp; od&nbsp; kojih&nbsp; se&nbsp; kao&nbsp; najznačajniji&nbsp; momenat izdvaja&nbsp; početak&nbsp; po&scaron;umljavanja&nbsp; Pe&scaron;čare.&nbsp; U&nbsp; pregledu vegetacije&nbsp; Deliblatske&nbsp; pe&scaron;čare&nbsp; su&nbsp; predstavljeni najznačajniji vegetacijski tipovi ovog područja, date su&nbsp; fitocenolo&scaron;ke&nbsp; tabele&nbsp; snimaka&nbsp; koji&nbsp; su&nbsp; za&nbsp; ove zajednice&nbsp; uzeti&nbsp; u&nbsp; toku&nbsp; terenskog&nbsp; istraživanja, fotografije zajednica i mape sa tačkama na kojima su uzimani&nbsp; snimci.&nbsp; U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; pregleda&nbsp; vegetacije Deliblatske pe&scaron;čare, pored već poznatih vegetacijskih jedinica,&nbsp; po&nbsp; prvi&nbsp; put&nbsp; su&nbsp; predstavljene&nbsp; tri&nbsp; asocijacije autohtone&nbsp; vegetacije&nbsp; i&nbsp; dve&nbsp; sastojine&nbsp; antropogenih zajednica.&nbsp; U&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; razre&scaron;avanja&nbsp; problematike klasifikacije&nbsp; pe&scaron;čarske&nbsp; vegetacije,&nbsp; prikupljeni&nbsp; su&nbsp; i<br />analizirani fitocenolo&scaron;ki podaci za čitavu Srbiju, ali i ceo&nbsp; Panonski&nbsp; i&nbsp; Pontski&nbsp; basen.&nbsp; Na&nbsp; ovaj&nbsp; način&nbsp; je detaljno&nbsp; razja&scaron;njena&nbsp; klasifikacija&nbsp; psamofitskih zajednica&nbsp; Deliblatske&nbsp; pe&scaron;čare&nbsp; do&nbsp; nivoa subasocijacija. Dinamika&nbsp; vegetacije&nbsp; Deliblatske&nbsp; pe&scaron;čare&nbsp; je analizirana&nbsp; praćenjem&nbsp; sukcesivnih&nbsp; stadijuma obrastanja&nbsp; peska&nbsp; i&nbsp; zatvaranjem&nbsp; sklopa&nbsp; sastojina. Monitoring je podrazumevao i pedolo&scaron;ke analize na<br />na&nbsp; lokalitetima&nbsp; različitih&nbsp; vegetacijskih&nbsp; tipova.&nbsp; U okviru&nbsp; praćenja&nbsp; dinamike&nbsp; vegetacije,&nbsp; realizovana&nbsp; su istraživanja&nbsp; na&nbsp; područjima&nbsp; na&nbsp; kojima&nbsp; se&nbsp; vr&scaron;i revitalizacija stepskih sastojina. Rezultati ukazuju da je&nbsp; su&nbsp; revitalizacijom&nbsp; postignuti&nbsp; dobri&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; koje treba&nbsp; dalje&nbsp; usmeravati&nbsp; i&nbsp; korigovati&nbsp; u&nbsp; pravcu postizanja&nbsp; optimalnih&nbsp; uslova&nbsp; za&nbsp; opstanak&nbsp; i&nbsp; razvoj stepske, ali i drugih tipova vegetacije.<br />Rezultati&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; daju&nbsp; dobru osnovu za dalja floristička i vegetacijska istraživanja Deliblatske&nbsp; pe&scaron;čare,&nbsp; ali&nbsp; i&nbsp; drugih,&nbsp; sličnih,&nbsp; prirodnih<br />područja&nbsp; i&nbsp; značajan&nbsp; doprinos&nbsp; proučavanju&nbsp; flore&nbsp; i vegetacije Srbije.</p>

<p>In this research was analyzed flora and vegetation of the&nbsp; Deliblato&nbsp; Sands.&nbsp; The&nbsp; aim&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; study&nbsp; was&nbsp; to determine the recent state and basic characteristics of the flora of Deliblato Sands, as well as to analyze the dynamics&nbsp; of&nbsp; flora&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; last&nbsp; 220&nbsp; years.&nbsp; One&nbsp; of&nbsp; the aims&nbsp; was&nbsp; to&nbsp; analyze&nbsp; the&nbsp; successive&nbsp; changes&nbsp; in&nbsp; the flora&nbsp; and&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; of&nbsp; Deliblato&nbsp; Sands&nbsp; and&nbsp; the prediction of their direction and&nbsp; quality. Also, one of the&nbsp; goals&nbsp; was&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; diversity&nbsp; and syntaxonomical&nbsp; scheme&nbsp; of&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; through classification&nbsp; of problematic vegetation groups in the wider&nbsp; aspect&nbsp; -&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; level&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; whole&nbsp; Serbia,&nbsp; but also of Pontic and Pannonian region. Field&nbsp; research were&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; period&nbsp; 2012-2018.&nbsp; Floristic data were taken at the same sites as phytocenological plots.&nbsp; In&nbsp; total,&nbsp; 282&nbsp; phytosociological&nbsp; relev&eacute;s&nbsp; were taken&nbsp; using&nbsp; the&nbsp; Braun-Blanquet&nbsp; method.&nbsp; 301 different&nbsp; references&nbsp; were&nbsp; processed&nbsp; for&nbsp; floristic analysis&nbsp; and&nbsp; data&nbsp; for&nbsp; 440&nbsp;&nbsp; species&nbsp; were&nbsp; collected&nbsp; in the field&nbsp; (6 of them&nbsp; were registered for the first time in&nbsp; this&nbsp; area).&nbsp; A&nbsp; total&nbsp; of&nbsp; 9,887&nbsp; data&nbsp; collected&nbsp; were included in the floristic analysis. The&nbsp; research&nbsp; gives a&nbsp; floristic&nbsp; overview&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; form&nbsp; of&nbsp; a&nbsp; list&nbsp; of&nbsp; taxa recorded&nbsp; in&nbsp; Deliblato&nbsp; Sandst&nbsp; (there&nbsp; are&nbsp; 1072&nbsp; taxa), with the localities where they have been&nbsp; found so far, and&nbsp; the first findings for species and subspecies are marked, as well as the&nbsp; species confirmed in the field research&nbsp; within&nbsp; this&nbsp; dissertation.&nbsp; Floristic&nbsp; analysis was performed using classical numerical methods, in order&nbsp; to&nbsp; present&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; represented&nbsp; families, genera,&nbsp; life&nbsp; forms&nbsp; and&nbsp; chorotypes.&nbsp; Endemic,&nbsp; relict and&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; and&nbsp; invasive&nbsp; species&nbsp; of&nbsp; Sandstone are&nbsp; presented.&nbsp; 16&nbsp; endemic,&nbsp; 22&nbsp; relicts,&nbsp; 49&nbsp; strictly protected, 8 from the Red Data Book of Serbian flora and 54 invasive taxa have been recorded in Deliblato Sands.&nbsp; The&nbsp; dynamics&nbsp; of&nbsp; floristic&nbsp; research&nbsp; is represented&nbsp; by&nbsp; the&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; of&nbsp; literary&nbsp; data&nbsp; and&nbsp; the dynamics&nbsp; of&nbsp; research&nbsp; activities&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; area.&nbsp; In accordance with the significant social changes of the area,&nbsp; it&nbsp; is&nbsp; noted&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; significant&nbsp; event&nbsp; was the&nbsp; beginning&nbsp; of&nbsp; afforestation&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Sand.&nbsp; The vegetation&nbsp; overview&nbsp; of the Deliblato&nbsp; Sands presents the&nbsp; most&nbsp; significant&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; types&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; area, provides&nbsp; phytosociological&nbsp; tables&nbsp; of&nbsp; relev&eacute;s&nbsp; takenduring&nbsp; this&nbsp; research,&nbsp; photographs&nbsp; of&nbsp; communities and&nbsp; maps&nbsp; with&nbsp; points&nbsp; where&nbsp; the&nbsp; recordings&nbsp; were taken.&nbsp; In&nbsp; addition&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; already&nbsp; known&nbsp; vegetation units,&nbsp; within&nbsp; the&nbsp; vegetation&nbsp; review&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Deliblat Sandstone,&nbsp; three&nbsp; associations&nbsp; of&nbsp; indigenous vegetation&nbsp; and&nbsp; two&nbsp; stands&nbsp; of&nbsp; anthropogenic communities&nbsp; were&nbsp; presented&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; first&nbsp; time.&nbsp; In order to solve the problem of classification of sandy vegetation, phytocenological data were collected and analyzed for the whole Republic of Serbia, as well as the&nbsp; entire&nbsp; Pannonian&nbsp; and&nbsp; Pontic&nbsp; basin.&nbsp; In&nbsp; this&nbsp; way, the classification of the psammophytic&nbsp; communities of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Deliblato&nbsp; Sands&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; level&nbsp; of&nbsp; subassociations was clarified. The vegetation dynamics of the Deliblato Sands were analyzed&nbsp; by&nbsp; monitoring&nbsp; successive&nbsp; stages&nbsp; of&nbsp; sand and&nbsp; steppe&nbsp; vegetation.&nbsp; Monitoring&nbsp; also&nbsp; included pedological&nbsp; analyzes&nbsp; at&nbsp; sites&nbsp; of&nbsp; different&nbsp; vegetation types.&nbsp; As&nbsp; part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; monitoring&nbsp; of&nbsp; vegetation dynamics,&nbsp; research&nbsp; has&nbsp; been&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out&nbsp; in&nbsp; areas where steppe stands are being revitalized. The results indicate&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; revitalization&nbsp; has&nbsp; achieved&nbsp; good results that need to be further directed and corrected in&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; achieve&nbsp; optimal&nbsp; conditions&nbsp; for&nbsp; the survival&nbsp; and&nbsp; development&nbsp; of&nbsp; steppe&nbsp; and&nbsp; other vegetation types. The&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; doctoral&nbsp; dissertation&nbsp; provide&nbsp; a good&nbsp; basis&nbsp; for&nbsp; further&nbsp; floristic&nbsp; and&nbsp; vegetation research&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; Deliblato&nbsp; sands,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; other similar natural areas and a significant contribution to the study of the flora and vegetation of Serbia.</p>