Reflux disease as an etiological factor of dental erosion

Abstract

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent disease which has a significant influence on the development of dental erosions. Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the frequency of dental erosions among the patients with gastroesophageal reflux, as well as to verify the most common symptoms of gastroesophageal disease. Methods: The research comprised of two groups, each consisting of 30 patients aged 18-80 years. The experimental group comprised of patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), while the control group was composed of patients who were not diagnosed with GERD. Based on the illness history data, all patients of the experimental group were registered to have gastroesophageal and extraesophageal symptoms. Dental erosions were diagnosed during a stomatological inspection by using index system according to Eccles and Jenkins. Data processing was accomplished by the Statgraphics Centurion software package. Results: Dental erosions were found in 76.7% of experimental group patients, and in 53.3% of control group patients. Fortynine percent of teeth of the experimental group patients and 31.1% of the control group patients showed erosive changes. On average, the number of teeth with erosions in the experimental group was 15.7 per person and in the control group 10 per person. The teeth of the front region of the upper jaw, as well as the lower first molars had the highest average value of dental erosion index. In the experimental group 12.8% of teeth and 24% of teeth in the control group were diagnosed to have dental erosion index value 1. Furthermore, 23.4% of teeth in the experimental group and 7.1% of teeth in the control group were registered to have dental erosion index value 2. Finally, the dental erosion index value 3 was found in 13.0% of teeth in the experimental group only. The highest average value of regional erosion index in the experimental group was found in the region 13-23 equalling 1.0. The same value in the control group equalled 0.6. In the experimental group the average value of dental erosion index for the upper jaw was 0.9, while this value for the lower jaw equalled 0.8. The analysis of the illness history data obtained showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two observed groups in terms of burning pain (noncardiac in origin) around the heart area, bad breath and dentine hypersensitivity as the dominant symptom of dental erosion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental erosions could be considered to be the extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux.